哪些動(dòng)物永遠(yuǎn)不能被馴服?為什么?
Which animals can never be tamed? And why?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
理論上，它們可以像馬一樣被馴服和騎乘。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，它們非?？癖?。
正文翻譯
Which animals can never be tamed? And why?
哪些動(dòng)物永遠(yuǎn)不能被馴服?為什么?
哪些動(dòng)物永遠(yuǎn)不能被馴服?為什么?
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Zebras. In theory, they could be tamed and ridden like horses. In reality, they are mean as hell.
Any prey species that can thrive around lions, leopards, crocodiles and hyenas has to have a serious attitude problem.
Wild Horses Can’t be Broken: Zebra Domestication Attempts - Thomson Safaris
And, of course, putting the hurt on another zebra. Good luck slapping a saddle on one of these critters and riding it.
It would take hundreds of years of sextive breeding to domesticate the zebra and make it large enough to carry most people, and not want to kill them. Horses can already do that and there’s not much use for horses anymore either.
斑馬。
理論上，它們可以像馬一樣被馴服和騎乘。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，它們非常狂暴。
任何能在獅子、豹子、鱷魚和鬣狗周圍茁壯成長(zhǎng)的獵物都必然有嚴(yán)重的“態(tài)度”問題。
鏈接：《野馬不屈：斑馬馴化嘗試-湯姆森游獵》
傷害一頭獅子。
傷害一條該死的鱷魚!
和角馬一起狂舞。
當(dāng)然，還有另一只斑馬。祝你在這些小動(dòng)物身上裝上馬鞍并騎上去后好運(yùn)。馴養(yǎng)斑馬需要數(shù)百年的選擇性繁殖，使其足夠大，以承載大多數(shù)人，而不想殺死他們。馬已經(jīng)可以做到這一點(diǎn)了，而且馬也沒什么用了。
Zebras have, and still are, ridden and used by humans. See a more balanced answer here: Robin Shepard's answer to Why don't you ever see a zebra being ridden? …and many more. I’ve done it myself.
斑馬一直被人類騎乘和使用。這里有一個(gè)更平衡的答案:羅賓·謝潑德對(duì)《為什么你從來沒見過有人騎斑馬》的回答。
還有更多的例子，而且我自己也騎乘過。
That’s amazing! Did they capture these wild and tame them, or are they result of generations of sextive breeding? That one in the second photo with a man on it looks larger than a wild zebra. At one point, horses were as wild as zebras and it took a lot of artificial evolution by humans to domesticate them.
這太神奇了！是他們捕獲并馴服了這些野生動(dòng)物，還是世代選擇性繁殖的結(jié)果？第二張照片中有個(gè)人的那只看起來比野生斑馬還大。曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，馬和斑馬一樣狂野，人類經(jīng)過大量的人工進(jìn)化才馴服了它們。
The exact animals in those photos, I don’t know if they were wild caught. But many that are in the US and Europe are bred from just a few generations of tamed zebras, without much sextion going on since there aren’t too many around to “sext” from. ;-)
The one that guy is riding in the second photo is a full zebra. Size-wise, some subspecies of wild adult Plains zebras are a bit larger than this one. The critically endangered Grevvy’s zebra is in fact, much larger than any of the ones in these photos.
照片里的動(dòng)物，我不知道它們是不是野生的。但美國和歐洲的許多斑馬都是由幾代馴化的斑馬繁殖而來，沒有太多的選擇，因?yàn)橹車鷽]有太多可供“選擇”的斑馬。
第二張照片中那個(gè)人騎的是一匹完整尺寸的斑馬。尺寸方面，一些亞種的野生成年平原斑馬比這一個(gè)稍大。事實(shí)上，極度瀕危的格雷維斑馬比這些照片中的任何斑馬都要大得多。
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As of this writing, your answer has 700 likes and 24,000 views, while mine has 4,800 likes and 340,000 views. Yet your answer is much better than mine and you have specific expertise in this subject and I don’t. I don’t know why or how Quora’s algorithms work but those figures should be reversed.
在寫這篇文章的時(shí)候，你的回答有700個(gè)贊和24000次閱讀，而我的有4800個(gè)贊和340000次閱讀。然而你的回答比我的好得多，你在這方面有專門的專業(yè)知識(shí)，而我沒有。
我不知道Quora的算法是如何運(yùn)作的，但這些數(shù)字應(yīng)該顛倒過來。
Yeah, it’s hard to explain. I think that’s part of the reason so many good writers have left Quora. Their algorithms are less about quality (not that yours is not quality) and expertise, and more geared toward popularity and sensationalistic aspects of the writer, sharer, the question and the answer. I guess it’s just one step up from Facebook
是的，這很難解釋。我認(rèn)為這是很多優(yōu)秀的作者離開Quora的部分原因。他們的算法不太注重質(zhì)量(不是說你的答復(fù)沒質(zhì)量)和專業(yè)知識(shí)，更傾向于作者、分享者、問題和答案的受歡迎程度和轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)。我想這僅僅比臉書高了一步。
Horses have a weird wiring that makes them give in to the inevitable after a few minutes. That's why you can break them. Zebra's ain't going down without a fight.
馬有一種奇怪的腦回路，能讓它們?cè)趲追昼姾笄诓豢杀苊獾氖虑?。這就是為什么你可以打破它們。斑馬不會(huì)不戰(zhàn)而降的。
Well, most horses don’t give in after just a few minutes ;-) … but the “wiring” you mention is a product of thousands of years of artificial sextion of the most “trainable” individuals to breed together, by humans. It has created an animal that is not as flighty or fighty as its wild counterparts.
大多數(shù)馬不會(huì)在幾分鐘后就屈服，但是你提到的“腦回路”是幾千年來人類人工選擇最“可訓(xùn)練”的個(gè)體在一起繁殖的產(chǎn)物。
它創(chuàng)造了一種不像野生同類那樣輕浮或好斗的動(dòng)物。
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Warning: Graphic photo below
Barracudas. Not only are you not going to tame one, even pulling one out of the water and trying to pose with it can be dangerous as those sharp teeth can take a chunk out of your arm, as many people find out while fishing.
圖片警告！
梭魚。你不僅不打算馴服它，甚至把它從水里拖出來，試圖和它合影也會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)槟切╀h利的牙齒會(huì)從你的手臂上取下一大塊，很多人在釣魚時(shí)都發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。
Dennis Mulgannon
Geeze, Louise. That is the first time I have seen a barracuda next to a human. Those things are massive, and just one more reason for me to stay out of the ocean.
我的天。這是我第一次在人旁邊看到梭魚。它們體型巨大，這是我遠(yuǎn)離海洋的又一個(gè)理由。
yes, agreed! I’ve enjoyed fishing a few times, but honestly with an eel, shark or barracuda on the line I would absolutely either cut the line or drop the rod!
是的，同意！我享受過幾次釣魚，但說實(shí)話，如果釣上鰻魚、鯊魚或梭魚，我肯定要么割線，要么放下魚竿！
That’ll be a badass scar, though.
那傷疤真嚇人。
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I snorkeled in the Keys as a kid, and barracuda are creepy. Over 4 feet, and they acted like you were beneath their notice, and your heart would pound til they passed. Under 4 feet, and they would stalk you. The first rule of snorkeling was always “remove all jewelry, wear nothing shiny” or you were asking for Photo 2.
我小時(shí)候在礁島浮潛過，梭魚很恐怖。超過4英尺，他們就好像沒注意到你一樣，你的心跳會(huì)一直跳到他們離開。在四英尺（約1.22米）內(nèi)，它們就會(huì)跟蹤你。
浮潛的第一條規(guī)則永遠(yuǎn)是“摘掉所有珠寶，不穿閃亮的衣服”，否則你會(huì)成為照片二的樣子。
WRONG! I dove in a public aquarium for many years, we had a tame one. I wouldn’t have stuck my hand in its face, but it would come up to the divers and beg for food at least. I don’t think anyone has tamed ants.
錯(cuò)了！我在一個(gè)公共水族館潛水多年，我們有一只很溫順的梭魚。
我不會(huì)把手伸到它的臉上，但它至少會(huì)游到潛水員那里乞討食物。
反倒是我認(rèn)為沒有人馴服過螞蟻。
I wouldn’t call that taming necessarily; I’m guessing that it will follow food whether or not people are around… that’s simply what they do… and a black wet suit doesn’t look like something it has an inclination toward biting.
我不認(rèn)為這就是馴服。我猜不管周圍有沒有人，它都會(huì)跟著食物走，這就是它們的特點(diǎn)，黑色潛水衣看起來不像是它會(huì)咬的東西。
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If you wouldn’t call that taming, perhaps you’re confusing taming with domestication. A tame animal is one that tolerates human presence. Moreover, I’m not sure how valid an example “yanking an animal out of the resource that keeps it alive and not expecting to be bitten” counts towards tameness.
如果你不認(rèn)為這是馴化，也許你把馴服（taming）和馴養(yǎng)（domestication）弄混了。馴服的動(dòng)物是能容忍人類存在的動(dòng)物。
此外，我不確定“把一只動(dòng)物從維持其生存的資源中拽出來且不希望被它咬”的例子是否算馴服。
Being tolerant of humans may in some respects also be called taming, over the years people have found that bears in particular some times turn on their supposed tamers.
Animals in the wild should never be tamed, both for their safety and ours.
I remember a time when all you had to do to keep lions and tigers and bears out of your campsite was to have a camp fire going. But, in modern times, because people think of themselves as great animal tamers, tempting dangerous animals with hand held food, a bear or mountain lion will come right up to a camp fire, looking for food. And, sometimes they find it, in the form of a tolerated human (they go mostly for the internal organs, as these have the most vitamins (health nuts, they may be!)). Children are especially easy prey for a hungry, but tame predator.
對(duì)人類的寬容在某些方面也被稱為馴服，多年來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，熊在某些時(shí)候會(huì)對(duì)它們所謂的馴服者發(fā)火。為了動(dòng)物和人類的安全，野生動(dòng)物永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該被馴服。
我記得曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，為了不讓獅子、老虎和熊進(jìn)入你的營地，你所要做的就是生一堆營火。
但是，在現(xiàn)代，因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為自己是偉大的動(dòng)物馴獸師，用手拿食物來誘惑危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物，熊或美洲獅會(huì)直接來到營火前尋找食物。有時(shí)，他們找到了——那些寬容的人類(他們大多尋找內(nèi)部器官，因?yàn)樗鼈兒凶疃嗟木S生素，他們可能是健康狂!)。兒童特別容易成為饑餓但溫順的捕食者的獵物。
1.The zebra is one of the most surprising animals we have never tamed. In fact, in a sense, it's quite surprising. After all, horses and donkeys have been tamed by humans for years, and zebras seem to look a lot like them. However, no matter how much effort we make, we can't tame these animals. This is because zebra behavior is less predictable, they are likely to attack people, and they do not perform well under stress.
2.Although humans have been using elephants for about 3,000 years, contrary to popular belief, elephants can never be domesticated. The fact that an animal is kept in captivity does not make it domesticated; they have never been tamed in the way that dogs have been. Elephants will always try to escape, and they have even been held in captivity for 12 generations in order to bring them closer to domestication, but have never really succeeded.
3.Rhinos are huge, and despite being herbivores, they have a fierce temperament and never back down in a fight. This temperament means that rhinos are almost impossible to tame, not to mention domesticate. They are simply unwilling to accept humans as their masters, and if someone gets too close, they may hurt or even kill them. On the other hand, it takes 12 years for them to reach sexual maturity, which adds even more difficulty to breeding and reproduction.
4.Tigers are not house cats. No matter how many people have tried to tame tigers, they have never really succeeded. Even those who grew up with tigers can't tame them well. No matter how you look at it, tigers are big and scary animals that can easily deliver a fatal blow to humans, especially when they are hungry.
5.Pandas seem to be the best animals to domesticate. They are big, but they look super cute. But people have not yet found a way to domesticate pandas. One of the reasons is because there are not enough of them left, there are only about 2,000 of them in the world. You need to have a lot of bamboo to domesticate pandas, they are extremely picky about their food, and pandas can be very troublesome to breed. Of course, as mentioned earlier, this is all impossible to do for modern people because they are protected animals and there are so few of them.
1. 斑馬是我們從未馴服過的最令人驚奇的動(dòng)物之一。事實(shí)上，在某種意義上，這是相當(dāng)令人驚訝的。畢竟，馬和驢已經(jīng)被人類馴服多年了，斑馬看起來很像它們。然而，無論我們多么努力，我們都無法馴服這些動(dòng)物。這是因?yàn)榘唏R的行為難以預(yù)測(cè)，它們很可能攻擊人類，而且它們?cè)趬毫ο卤憩F(xiàn)不好。
2. 雖然人類使用大象已經(jīng)有大約3000年的歷史，但與普遍的看法相反，大象永遠(yuǎn)不可能被馴化。動(dòng)物被圈養(yǎng)并不能使它被馴化；它們從來沒有像狗那樣被馴服過。大象總是試圖逃跑，即便它們被關(guān)了12代，就為了讓它們更接近被馴化。但從來沒有真正成功過。
3. 犀牛體型巨大，雖然是食草動(dòng)物，但它們的性情很兇猛，在戰(zhàn)斗中從不退縮。這種氣質(zhì)意味著犀牛幾乎不可能被馴服，更不用說馴養(yǎng)了。它們只是不愿意接受人類作為它們的主人，如果有人靠得太近，它們可能會(huì)傷害甚至殺死它們。另一方面，它們需要12年才能達(dá)到性成熟，這增加了繁殖的難度。
4. 老虎不是家貓。無論有多少人試圖馴服老虎，他們從來沒有真正成功過。即使是那些和老虎一起長(zhǎng)大的人也不能很好地馴服它們。不管你怎么看，老虎是一種大而可怕的動(dòng)物，可以很容易地給人類致命的一擊，尤其是當(dāng)他們饑餓的時(shí)候。
5. 熊貓似乎是最好馴養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物。它們很大，但看起來超級(jí)可愛。但是人們還沒有找到馴養(yǎng)熊貓的方法。其中一個(gè)原因是它們的數(shù)量已經(jīng)不夠了，世界上只有大約2000只。馴養(yǎng)熊貓需要大量的竹子，它們對(duì)食物極其挑剔，繁殖熊貓也很麻煩。當(dāng)然，如前所述，這對(duì)現(xiàn)代人來說都是不可能的，因?yàn)樗麄兪潜Ｗo(hù)動(dòng)物，而且數(shù)量很少。
Only African elephants cannot be domesticated, but Asian ones can be.
只有非洲象不能被馴養(yǎng)，但亞洲象可以。
They are certainly not “domesticated”.
A baby asian elephant is removed from its mother, tortured and essentially broken into submitting to its owner.
Adult elephants are tied to a post on a very short chain when they are not working or entertaining tourists. They are not allowed to roam free.
Dogs and cats have been sextively bred for certain traits over thousands of years.
它們當(dāng)然不是“被馴化的”。
一只小亞洲象被從母象身邊帶走，受到折磨，最終被強(qiáng)迫服從它的主人。
成年象在不工作或不招待游客時(shí)，會(huì)被一根很短的鏈條拴在一根柱子上。它們不允許自由活動(dòng)。幾千年來，狗和貓被選擇性地培育出某些特征。
BS on point #2. Many aristocratic families in Kerala state in India keep domestic elephants just the same as cows elsewhere in the country. They are used as status symbols and for religious processions.
第二點(diǎn)是一派胡言。
在印度喀拉拉邦，許多貴族家庭養(yǎng)著大象，就像養(yǎng)著其他地方的奶牛一樣。它們被用作地位的象征和宗教游行。
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Cats.
Not these cats.
The above cats, in captivity, can be trained to do tricks. They can be somewhat tamed.
I’m talking about these cats:
Yeah, they make you think they’re using the litter box, but years after they’ve died and gone to cat purgatory, you find their little reminders, hardened and small, but at one time, extraordinarily large and, you get the idea. . . .
They pee anywhere and everywhere and on anything.
They sharpen their claws on your favorite clothes.
They kill mice. Yay! They kill birds. Boo! And they eat those bells on the special collar to scare the birds away before the birds get murderized by these wild beasts.
They never come when you call. Or, they hear you call, yawn, stretch, make one tiny move like their coming towards you and then the whole rest of the way, even just twelve inches, it’s all in really slow-mo.
First day, they love the new food. Second day, they hate the new food. Everyday after no matter what food, they throw it up along with a bunch of fur balls.
They’ll purr and rub on you and make you think you’re everything, but you’re nothing to them at all but a meal ticket.
You can’t tame them.
They tame YOU, in their own fantasy world.
We buy it everytime we see one of these:
Yeah, yeah. I see all the wild untamed behavior behind those innocent eyes!
貓。
不是這些貓：
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上面提到的這些貓，在圈養(yǎng)的情況下，可以被訓(xùn)練做一些把戲。一定程度上它們可以被馴服。
但我要談?wù)摰氖沁@些貓：
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是的，它們讓你以為它們?cè)谟秘埳芭?，但在它們死后，去了貓的煉獄多年后，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們給你的小提示，小而堅(jiān)定，偶爾會(huì)非常顯眼：
它們隨地大小便，隨地大小便，任何東西上；
它們會(huì)在你最喜歡的衣服上磨爪子；它們殺死老鼠；他們殺死鳥類；它們會(huì)吃掉特殊項(xiàng)圈上的鈴鐺，在鳥兒被這些野獸殺死之前把它們嚇跑。
你叫它們，它們從來不來?；蛘?，它們聽到你叫，打哈欠，伸展，做一個(gè)微小的動(dòng)作，就像它們向你走來，然后整個(gè)過程，即使只有12英寸的距離，都是非常緩慢；
第一天，他們喜歡新食物。第二天，他們討厭新的食物。每天吃完任何食物后，它們都會(huì)把食物和一堆毛球一起扔出來；
它們會(huì)嗚嗚叫，在你身上蹭來蹭去，讓你覺得你就是一切，但對(duì)它們來說，你什么都不是，只是一張飯票；
你無法馴服它們。他們?cè)谧约旱幕孟胧澜缋锺Z服了你。我們每次看到這樣子都會(huì)心軟:
是的，是的。我看到了這雙天真的眼睛背后的野性！
Cynthia, I have had cats in my life, all through from baby days, but having a break now. In all that time none of our cats, who had access to, but limited time daily inside, when our children were older teens. Before that some of our children would even sneak their pet cat into their bed(which was not permitted…but…)And when I was a preschool child, I had a succession of cats, about 3, one at a time, who resided in the house, mostly with me.
In all that time, and later when access to home, in my older childhood and youth and in my children’s youth and young adult years (all lived at home through uni and later) no cat ever fouled inside our house, with the exception of our old lady, Mittens, who had a couple of accidents during her lingering dying days. I trained our family’s cats myself, and much time and love must be devoted to a kitten, which can determine how settled and domesticated they are.
I understand cats are generally wilful, especially males, but being fastidious with cleaning and toilet is also their established creed. Cats even appreciate defecating privately, they do not like people gazing at them at this time.
I’d prefer a domestic, over a big cat, always. Big cats, they’re basically wild beings, and only a few have ever been able to live a little like a domestic cat with wealthy people who have estates, servants and financial means. However, they can turn and kill and eat their owner. Domestic cats will never turn on their human family who I admit are their servants.
Give me a cat over a dog anyday.
從我還是嬰兒的時(shí)候起，我就養(yǎng)過貓，但現(xiàn)在想喘口氣。
在那段時(shí)間里，當(dāng)我們的孩子十幾歲時(shí)，我們的貓隨時(shí)都能進(jìn)屋子但所有的貓?jiān)谖葑永锎臅r(shí)間都很有限。在那之前，我們的一些孩子甚至?xí)阉麄兊膶櫸镓埻低捣诺剿麄兊拇采?這是不允許的……但是……)。當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)學(xué)齡前的孩子時(shí)，我養(yǎng)了幾只貓，一次三只，它們住在家里，大部分和我在一起。
在那段時(shí)間里，以及后來我回家的時(shí)候，在我的童年和青年時(shí)期，在我的孩子的青年和剛成年那幾年 (從大學(xué)開始和后來都住在家里)，沒有貓?jiān)谖覀兊姆孔永锱K過。除了我們的老母貓米滕斯，她在她彌留的日子里發(fā)生過幾次事故。我家的貓都是我親自訓(xùn)練的，我們必須在小貓身上投入大量的時(shí)間和愛，這決定了它們的安定程度和馴養(yǎng)程度。
我知道貓一般都很任性，尤其是公貓，但對(duì)清潔和廁所的挑剔也是它們一貫的信條。貓甚至喜歡私下排便，它們不喜歡人們?cè)谶@個(gè)時(shí)候盯著它們看。比起大貓，我更喜歡家貓。大型貓科動(dòng)物，基本上都是野生動(dòng)物，只有少數(shù)能像家貓一樣和有錢的人生活在一起，他們有地產(chǎn)，仆人和經(jīng)濟(jì)來源。然而，它們可以轉(zhuǎn)身殺死并吃掉它們的主人。家貓永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)攻擊它們的人類家人，我承認(rèn)我是它們的仆人。
我愛貓勝過愛狗。
At least they permit you to live in their house. So, there is that.
好歹它們同意你住在它們房子里，所以就這樣吧/笑
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.nationgridbenifitservices.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
I've loved all my cats. This was basically tongue in cheek, but some of our cats were a bit strange. We usually had three or four at a time.
I don't have them any more because I'm allergic to them. One the allergy scale, cats rank a 4; dogs, a 3.
No animal ever sleeps in my bed.
We do have mice. I might get a cat and keep it as a house cat. Mice are very dangerous with their dieases. I'll have to weigh all the pros and cons.
我愛我所有的貓，開玩笑的。
但我們的一些貓有點(diǎn)奇怪，我們通常一次養(yǎng)三四只。我已經(jīng)不養(yǎng)了，因?yàn)槲覍?duì)它們過敏。在過敏量表中，貓被評(píng)為4級(jí)，狗3。
沒有動(dòng)物睡在我的床上。
我們有老鼠。我可能會(huì)養(yǎng)一只貓，把它當(dāng)家貓養(yǎng)。老鼠的疾病非常危險(xiǎn)。我得權(quán)衡所有的利弊。
No. No. My cat comes at light speed when I call him (well, not every time) and hugs me after he has eaten, not before. He understands “No” (sometimes) and tries to vomit only on the tiles, not on the carpets (if not too far away). He is reasonably cooperative but not for a very long time (about three year after a past of wild cat behaviou).
不，不。我的貓?jiān)谖医兴臅r(shí)候(嗯，不是每次)會(huì)以光速過來，在它吃完東西之后，而不是之前，會(huì)擁抱我。他能理解“不”(有時(shí))，只在瓷磚上嘔吐，而不是在地毯上(如果不是太遠(yuǎn)的話)。
他很合作，但時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)(大約在過去野貓行為的三年后)。