The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?

最近墜機(jī)事件的幸存者坐在飛機(jī)后部，關(guān)于飛行安全，這告訴了我們什么？

By Julia Buckley, CNN
12 minute read
Published 6:00 AM EST, Sat January 4, 2025
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.

看看過去兩周發(fā)生的兩起致命空難照片，在恐懼和痛苦中，常旅客可能會冒出一個想法。

The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.

坐在飛機(jī)后部比坐在飛機(jī)前部更安全，是常旅客的一句老格言。阿塞拜疆航空公司8243航班和濟(jì)州航空2216航班的殘骸似乎都表明了這一點(diǎn)。

The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.

阿塞拜疆墜機(jī)的29名幸存者都坐在飛機(jī)后部，飛機(jī)分裂成兩半部分，后半部分基本完好無損。韓國墜機(jī)事件中的幸存者是坐在飛機(jī)尾部折椅座位上的兩名空姐。

So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?

那么，在飛機(jī)出現(xiàn)問題之前，頭等艙和商務(wù)艙座位都挺好是好，這句老話——黑色幽默竟是真的嗎？

In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.

2015年，《時代》雜志的記者寫道，他們梳理了1985年至2000年美國所有飛機(jī)失事的死亡和幸存者記錄，并在分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)，飛機(jī)后三分之一的座位總體死亡率為32%，而前三分之一的死亡率為38%，中間三分之一為39%。

Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，更好的是機(jī)艙后三分之一的中間座位，死亡率為28%?！白畈睢钡淖皇秋w機(jī)中間三分之一的過道，死亡率為44%。

But does that still hold true in 2024?

但這在2024年仍然有效嗎？

According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.

根據(jù)航空安全專家的說法，這是一個不科學(xué)的說法。

“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”

飛行安全基金會主席Hassan Shahidi說：“沒有任何數(shù)據(jù)顯示座位與生存能力的相關(guān)性。”“每一次事故都是不同的?！?/b>
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“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.

悉尼新南威爾士大學(xué)航空學(xué)院副教授Cheng-Lung Wu說：“如果我們談?wù)摰氖且粓鲋旅暮娇帐鹿?，那么一個人坐在哪里幾乎沒有區(qū)別?！?/b>

Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”

倫敦格林威治大學(xué)消防安全工程教授Ed Galea對飛機(jī)墜毀疏散進(jìn)行了具有里程碑意義的研究，他警告說：“沒有神奇的最安全的座位?！?/b>

“It depends on the nature of the accident you’re in. Sometimes it’s better at the front, sometimes at the back.”

“這取決于你所遭遇的事故的性質(zhì)。有時在前面更好，有時在后面更好。”

However Galea, and others, say that there’s a difference between the seat that has the best chance of surviving an initial impact, and one that allows you to get off the plane quickly. It’s the latter that we should be looking for, they say.

然而，Galea和其他人表示，在初始撞擊中最有可能生存的座位和讓你快速下飛機(jī)的座位之間是有區(qū)別的。他們說，我們應(yīng)該尋找的是后者。

Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’

大多數(shù)飛機(jī)失事都是“可以生存”的

First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”

首先是好消息。Galea說：“絕大多數(shù)飛機(jī)事故都是可以幸存下來的，大多數(shù)發(fā)生事故的人都能幸存下來?！弊?988年以來，飛機(jī)及其內(nèi)部的座椅必須能夠承受高達(dá)16G的沖擊，或高達(dá)重力16倍的受力。他說，這意味著在大多數(shù)事件中，“有可能在墜機(jī)影響的創(chuàng)傷中幸存下來?！?/b>

For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.

例如，他將最初的濟(jì)州航空事件分為可生存事件——假定是鳥類撞擊、發(fā)動機(jī)損失和在跑道上腹部著陸，起落架無法正常工作。他說：“如果它沒有撞上跑道盡頭的混凝土加固障礙物，即使不是所有人，大多數(shù)人也很有可能活下來。”

The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.

另一方面，阿塞拜疆航空公司的墜毀被他視為無法幸存的事故，并稱其為有人都能活著出來的“奇跡”。

Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.

然而，大多數(shù)遇到事故的飛機(jī)并不是被擊落的，因此人們對阿塞拜疆墜機(jī)事件的質(zhì)疑越來越大。

And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.

由于現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)能夠承受撞擊并減緩火災(zāi)蔓延，Galea認(rèn)為在“可幸存”的事故中幸存的幾率至少為90%。
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Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.

相反，他說，在大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代事故中，生死的區(qū)別在于乘客疏散的速度。

Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.

今天的飛機(jī)必須證明它們可以在90秒內(nèi)撤離，才能獲得認(rèn)證。但理論上的疏散——志愿者在制造商場地的演習(xí)——與飛機(jī)上驚慌失措公眾的現(xiàn)實(shí)截然不同，畢竟飛機(jī)剛剛墜毀。

‘Every second counts’
Sitting within five rows of an emergency exit improves your chances of surviving a "survivable" crash, says research. Aviation-images.com/Universal Images Group/Getty Images
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.

作為一名疏散專家，Galea為英國民航局（CAA）進(jìn)行了研究，研究了飛機(jī)上最“可生存”的座位。他在21世紀(jì)初進(jìn)行了數(shù)年的具有里程碑意義的研究，研究了乘客和機(jī)組人員在墜機(jī)后疏散期間的行為，而不是看墜機(jī)本身。通過匯編1977年至1999年參與105起事故的1917名乘客和155名機(jī)組人員的數(shù)據(jù)，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)創(chuàng)建了一個圍繞飛機(jī)失事的人類行為數(shù)據(jù)庫。
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His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”

他說，他對乘客實(shí)際使用的哪些出口的分析“打破了許多關(guān)于飛機(jī)疏散的神話”?！霸谖已芯恐?，人們認(rèn)為乘客傾向于使用他們的登機(jī)口，因?yàn)樗亲钍煜さ?，而乘客傾向于向前走。我對數(shù)據(jù)的分析表明，這些神話都沒有得到證據(jù)的支持?！?/b>

Instead, Galea’s research showed that passengers seated within five rows of any emergency exit, in any part of the plane, have the best chance of getting out alive.

相反，Galea的研究表明，在飛機(jī)的任何部分，坐在任何緊急出口五排內(nèi)的乘客都有最好的機(jī)會活著出去。

What’s more, those in aisle seats have a greater chance of evacuating safely than those in middle, and then window seats — because they have fewer people to get past to get out.

此外，坐在過道座位上的人比坐在中間和靠窗座的人更有可能安全疏散——因?yàn)樗麄円?jīng)過的人更少。

“The key thing to understand is that in an aviation accident, every second counts — every second can make the difference between life and death,” he says, adding that proximity to an exit row is more important than the area of the plane.

他說：“需要了解的關(guān)鍵是，在航空事故中，每一秒都很重要——每一秒都可以影響生死，”他補(bǔ)充說，靠近出口排比飛機(jī)的面積更重要。

Of course, not every exit is likely to be usable in an incident — when Japan Airlines flight 516 crashed into a coastguard plane at Tokyo Haneda last January, only three of eight evacuation slides were usable. And yet, because of the exemplary behavior of crew and passengers, who evacuated promptly, all 379 people on the Airbus A350 survived.

當(dāng)然，并非每個出口都能在事故中可用——去年1月，當(dāng)日本航空公司516號航班在東京羽田機(jī)場撞上一架海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)飛機(jī)時，八個疏散滑梯中只有三個可用。然而，由于及時撤離的機(jī)組人員和乘客的模范行為，空中客車A350上的379人全部幸存下來。

Galea — who is currently looking for UK volunteers for February evacuation trials — says it’s still better to pick one exit row to sit close to rather than spread your chances and sit in between two of them, however.

Galea目前正在為2月份的疏散試驗(yàn)尋找英國志愿者，他說，最好選擇坐在出口排附近，而不是分散機(jī)會，坐在兩個出口中間。
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What happens if an exit row — or seats within five rows of it — are not available on your preferred flight? “I look for another flight,” he says. “I want to be as close to an exit as I can possibly be. If I’m nine, 10 seats away, I’m not happy.”

如果您首選的航班上沒有出口排——或五排內(nèi)的座位可選，會發(fā)生什么？“我找另一個航班，”他說?！拔蚁氡M可能地靠近出口。如果我離9個10個座位遠(yuǎn)，我就不高興了。”

‘Chance favors the prepared mind’

機(jī)會青睞有準(zhǔn)備的人

So you’ve booked your flight and sexted a seat within five rows of the exit. Now is the time to sit back, relax and rely on the pilots and crew, right?

你已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了航班，并在出口的五排內(nèi)選擇了座位?，F(xiàn)在是坐下來放松并依靠飛行員和機(jī)組人員的時候了，對嗎？

Not according to Galea, who says there are things we can do onboard that give us the best chance of surviving an incident.

不，根據(jù)Galea的說法，我們可以做一些事情，讓我們有最好的機(jī)會在事件中幸存下來。
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“Chance favors the prepared mind,” is his mantra. “If you’re aware of what you need to do to improve your chances, you’re going to increase your chances of surviving even more. Think about how you’d get out.”

“機(jī)會青睞有準(zhǔn)備的人”是他的口頭禪。“如果你意識到你需要做什么來提高你的機(jī)會，你將增加你生存的機(jī)會。想想你會怎么出去?！?/b>

He says it’s essential, even if you’re a frequent flyer, to listen to the preflight briefing from cabin crew, and understand — really understand — how your seatbelt works.

他說，即使你是常旅客，也必須聽取機(jī)艙乘務(wù)員的飛行前簡報，并了解——真正理解——你的安全帶是如何運(yùn)作的。

“Believe it or not, one thing people struggle with [in a crash] is releasing their seatbelt. You’re in a potentially life and death situation and your brain goes into autopilot,” he says. “Most people’s experiences of seatbelts are in cars, where you press a button instead of pulling a latch. A lot of the people we interviewed [who survived plane crashes] had difficulty initially releasing their seatbelts. That’s why it’s important to pay attention to the preflight briefing. All that advice is really valuable.”

“信不信由你，人們“在墜機(jī)中”困難的一件事就是松開安全帶。你處于生死攸關(guān)的境地，你的大腦被本能控制，”他說?！按蠖鄶?shù)人的安全帶體驗(yàn)是在汽車?yán)?，在那里你按下一個按鈕，而不是拉鎖扣。我們采訪的許多“在飛機(jī)失事中幸存下來”的人，最初很難松開安全帶。這就是為什么關(guān)注飛行前簡報很重要。所有這些建議真的很有價值?！?/b>

He also recommends fully studying the evacuation cards in your seat pocket and, if you’re seated at an emergency exit, carefully look at how you’d open it.

他還建議充分研究座位口袋里的疏散卡，如果你坐在緊急出口處，請仔細(xì)查看如何打開它。

“That [overwing] exit is quite heavy and will likely fall on top of you,” he says. “I interviewed one of the people onboard the ‘Miracle on the Hudson’ [2009 emergency water landing of US Airways flight 1549]. He was seated by an overwing exit and hadn’t paid attention. As the plane was going down, he got the placard out and studied it. He was an engineer so figured it out — but I think the average person if they hadn’t bothered to read it beforehand, wouldn’t.”

他說：“那個應(yīng)急出口相當(dāng)重要，可能會落在你身上?！薄拔也稍L了’哈德遜河奇跡（2009年美國航空公司1549號航班緊急水上著陸）’上的一個人。他坐在一個應(yīng)急出口旁，但沒有注意到。當(dāng)飛機(jī)墜落時，他拿出標(biāo)語牌進(jìn)行研究。作為一名工程師，他看明白了——但我認(rèn)為普通人如果事先沒有費(fèi)心閱讀它，就不會明白?！?/b>

Keep your shoes on until you’ve reached cruising altitude — and put them back on as the plane starts final descent, he says. If you’re a family or traveling with other people, sit together, even if you have to pay — in an emergency, being apart will slow you down as people inevitably try to find each other.

他說，在到達(dá)巡航高度前，一直穿著鞋子——當(dāng)飛機(jī)開始最后下降時，也要穿上鞋子。如果你是一個家庭或和其他人一起旅行，即使你必須付錢，也要坐在一起，——在緊急情況下，分開會讓你慢下來，因?yàn)槿藗儾豢杀苊獾卦噲D找到對方。

And wherever you’re sitting, count the number of rows between you and the emergency exit — both in front and behind. That way if the cabin is full of smoke — “one of the main killers” in modern crashes, he says — you can still feel your way to the nearest exit, and have a backup if the closest one to you is blocked.

無論你坐在哪里，都要數(shù)一數(shù)你和緊急出口之間的行數(shù)——包括前面和后面。他說，這樣，如果機(jī)艙里充滿了煙霧——現(xiàn)代墜機(jī)事故中的“主要?dú)⑹种弧薄闳匀豢梢愿杏X到去最近的出口，如果離你最近的出口被擋住了，你仍然有備選方案。
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“People think you’re a nut,” he says of passengers who carefully watch the preflight briefing, and study the evacuation cards and exit doors before takeoff. “But chance favors the prepared mind. If you’re not prepared, it’s quite likely that things won’t go well.”

“人們認(rèn)為你是個瘋子，”他談到那些仔細(xì)觀看飛行前簡報，并在起飛前研究疏散卡和出口門的乘客時說?！暗珯C(jī)會有利于有準(zhǔn)備的人。如果你沒有做好準(zhǔn)備，事情很可能不會順利?！?/b>

Leave everything — and that means everything — behind

放下一切——也意味著一切——拋在腦后

Geoffrey Thomas knows a thing or two about aircraft safety, too. Now editor of aviation news website 42,000 Feet, he previously spent 12 years as the founder of AirlineRatings, the first website to rank airlines by safety.

Geoffrey Thomas對飛機(jī)安全也有所了解。他現(xiàn)在是航空新聞網(wǎng)站42,000 Feet的編輯，此前曾擔(dān)任AirlineRatings的創(chuàng)始人12年，AirlineRatings是第一個按安全對航空公司進(jìn)行排名的網(wǎng)站。
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Thomas says that the safest structural part of the plane is the wing box — where the wing structure meets the fuselage.

Thomas說，飛機(jī)最安全的結(jié)構(gòu)部分是機(jī)翼箱——機(jī)翼結(jié)構(gòu)與機(jī)身相遇的地方。

“Every crash is different but typically in structural failure [an aircraft] will break ahead and behind the wings,” he says, calling the wing box a “very, very strong piece of structure.” That’s the case for the Azerbaijan Airlines crash, which split just after the wings.

“每次墜機(jī)都是不同的，但通常在結(jié)構(gòu)故障中，“飛機(jī)”會在機(jī)翼前面和后面斷裂，”他說，并稱機(jī)翼箱是“非常非常堅固的結(jié)構(gòu)”。阿塞拜疆航空公司的墜機(jī)就是這種情況，飛機(jī)在機(jī)翼發(fā)生后就分裂了。
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But although Thomas has long suggested sitting over the wing, he says that the passenger behavior of recent years has made him recalibrate. He now believes that “the best seats to have are as close to the exits as possible.” Ideally a wing — but not necessarily.

但盡管托馬斯長期以來一直建議坐在機(jī)翼上，但他說，近年來的乘客行為讓他重新校準(zhǔn)。他現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，“最好的座位是盡可能靠近出口?！?/b>

That’s because, as Galea says, most modern crashes are survivable.

這是因?yàn)椋鏕alea所說，大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代墜機(jī)都是可以幸存的。

“Most accidents or emergencies today are not about a total loss of the airplane — it’s something else, an engine fire, an undercarriage failure or a benign overrun,” says Thomas. The main danger after the initial impact is of a fire breaking out and smoke entering the cabin. And while modern composite materials that today’s fuselages are made of can slow the spread of a fire better than aluminum, they can’t slow it forever — meaning evacuation is key to survival.

Thomas說：“今天的大多數(shù)事故或緊急情況與飛機(jī)的完全損失有關(guān)，而是其他事情，發(fā)動機(jī)起火、下車故障或良性超車?！背跏甲矒艉蟮闹饕ｋU是起火和煙霧進(jìn)入機(jī)艙。雖然當(dāng)今機(jī)身的現(xiàn)代復(fù)合材料比鋁更能減緩火災(zāi)的蔓延，但它們不能永遠(yuǎn)減緩火災(zāi)蔓延——這意味著疏散是生存的關(guān)鍵。

And yet, passengers don’t seem to understand this — or don’t seem willing to understand.

然而，乘客似乎不理解這一點(diǎn)——或者似乎不愿意理解。

“More and more we are seeing that passengers will not leave their bags behind, slowing the egress of the aircraft, and quite often we’ve seen where passengers have not got out because the egress of the plane is slowed up,” says Thomas.

Thomas說：“我們越來越多地看到，乘客不會留下行李，減慢了離開飛機(jī)的速度，而且我們經(jīng)?？吹匠丝蜎]有撤出來，就是因?yàn)殡x開飛機(jī)的速度變慢了?！?/b>

In May 2019, Aeroflot flight 1492 crashed at Moscow Sheremetyevo, killing 41 out of 78 onboard in the resultant fire. Passengers were caught on camera evacuating with their hand luggage, even as the back half of the plane went up in flames.

2019年5月，俄羅斯國際航空公司1492號航班在莫斯科謝列梅捷沃墜毀，機(jī)上78人中有41人在火災(zāi)中喪生。攝像機(jī)拍到，即使飛機(jī)的后半部分著火了，乘客仍然帶著手提行李撤離。

“Aircraft are certified so that every passenger can get off with half the exits shut within 90 seconds, but at the moment the egress of some of these aircraft are five or six minutes, so it’s a very big issue,” he says.

他說：“飛機(jī)經(jīng)過認(rèn)證，關(guān)閉一半的出口的情況下，每位乘客都可以在90秒內(nèi)撤離，但目前情況，一些飛機(jī)的撤離時間為五六分鐘，所以這是一個非常大的問題。”

“The other issue you have is that you get lots of videos on social media of the inside of cabins with flames outside and people yelling. People are taking videos instead of getting off the plane.”

“你的另一個問題是，你在社交媒體上有很多機(jī)艙內(nèi)的視頻，外面有火焰，人們在尖叫。人們正在拍攝視頻，而不是下飛機(jī)?！?/b>

He believes that filming an evacuation, or evacuating with carry-on bags, should be made a criminal offense. “You are endangering people’s lives,” he says in no uncertain terms.

他認(rèn)為，拍攝疏散或攜帶手提袋疏散應(yīng)構(gòu)成刑事犯罪?！澳阏谖＜叭藗兊纳?，”他毫不含糊地說。

He cites last year’s Japan Airlines crash as a “perfect example” of what is possible. The crew kept calm and evacuated passengers efficiently — and the passengers obeyed the crew. Not one person was seen taking their carry-on luggage with them — and everyone survived.

他引用了去年日本航空公司的墜毀事件作為可能的“完美例子”。機(jī)組人員保持冷靜，有效地疏散了乘客——乘客們服從了機(jī)組人員。沒有人看到隨身攜帶行李——每個人都活了下來。

But he says it was an outlier in terms of incidents.

但他說，就事故而言，這是一個異常。

“That’s a cultural thing — if you’ve got a flight attendant screaming at you to leave your bags, that’s what [Japanese passengers] will do. In most other countries people think, ‘Who gives a stuff, I want my bags,’” he says.

“這是一個文化問題——如果有一個空姐對你大喊大叫，讓你留下你的行李，（日本乘客）會照做。在大多數(shù)其他國家，人們認(rèn)為，’管他呢，我想要我的包，’”他說。

Now, whenever Thomas flies, he’s in an exit row, and wearing a sportscoat for takeoff and landing, in which he has his passport and credit cards. “So if I have to get out, I can, and I will have everything I need with me,” he says.

現(xiàn)在，Thomas每次飛行時，他都會排在出口處，起飛和降落時穿著運(yùn)動外套，隨身帶著護(hù)照和信用卡。他說：“因此，如果我必須出去，我可以做到，我會帶著我需要的一切?！?/b>

“You never, ever know. So many people get on and say, ‘It’ll never happen to me,’ and the next thing they know they’re a statistic. I don’t chance Lady Luck. I’m conscious of the issues and of people’s behavior, and I take steps to ensure that in a situation I hope never happens, I’m in a position to get off and not get blocked by an idiot.”

“你永遠(yuǎn)不會知道。很多人繼續(xù)說，“這永遠(yuǎn)不會發(fā)生在我身上”，接下來他們知道的是一個統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。我運(yùn)氣不好。我意識到問題和人們的行為，我采取措施確保在我希望永遠(yuǎn)不會發(fā)生的情況下，我能夠出去，而不是被一個白癡擋住?！?/b>

Once the plane is on the ground, it’s in your hands

一旦飛機(jī)落地，它就在你手中

There are other steps you can take to fly safer.

你可以采取其他措施來更安全地飛行。

Shahidi flags turbulence as “one thing passengers can do something about.” He says we should be keeping buckled up at all times. “I wear my belt all the time unless I go to the restroom, and I go there and back very quickly, regardless of what the captain may be saying,” he says. “Statistically, more than 80% of injuries [on aircraft] happen to passengers not wearing seatbelts.”

Shahidi將湍流稱為“乘客可以做些什么的一件事”。他說我們應(yīng)該一直系好安全帶。他說：“我去洗手間時來回都很快，否則我一直系著安全帶，不管機(jī)長在說什么。從統(tǒng)計學(xué)上看，（飛機(jī)上）80%以上的傷害發(fā)生在沒有系安全帶的乘客身上?！?/b>

Wu says he never flies without travel insurance — so that if something happens, and he loses his belongings in an evacuation, he won’t be out of pocket.

Wu說，他從不在沒有旅行保險的情況下飛行——這樣如果發(fā)生什么事，他在疏散中丟失了財物，他就不會掏腰包。

And both Thomas and Galea stress that choosing your airline wisely is also key.

Thomas和Galea都強(qiáng)調(diào)，明智地選擇航空公司也是關(guān)鍵。

“One rule of thumb is that the really good airlines pay the really good salaries and people want to work for them — the worst pilots have to work for somebody else,” says Thomas, who only flies with the highest rated airlines. Do your research before booking your flight — not all countries have the same high safety standards, he advises, so you need an airline that goes above and beyond on safety, wherever it’s flying, not just one that meets minimum standards.

“一個經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則是，真正好的航空公司支付真正高的工資，人們想為他們工作——最糟糕的飛行員必須為別人工作，”托馬斯說，他只與評級最高的航空公司一起飛行。在預(yù)訂航班之前，請進(jìn)行研究——他建議說，并非所有國家都有相同的高安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此您需要一家超越安全的航空公司，無論它在哪里飛行，而不僅僅是一家符合最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的航空公司。

But crucially, remember that in a survivable crash, it’s down to the passengers to act in ways that allow as many as possible to survive.

但至關(guān)重要的是，請記住，在可生存的事故中，乘客應(yīng)以允許盡可能多人生存的方式行事。

“People are fatalistic, they think if they’re going to be in a crash that’s it — so they may as well not bother because everyone’s going to die,” says Galea. “But that’s exactly the opposite of what happens.

Galea說：“人們是宿命論者，他們認(rèn)為如果他們要發(fā)生墜機(jī)，那就是了——所以他們可能不想費(fèi)心，因?yàn)槊總€人都會死。但這與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)完全相反。

“Just remember, every second counts.”

“記住，每一秒都很重要?！?br />